According to some, is equivalent to ("son of days"), because Benjamin was born to his father in his old age (Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, Benjamin i. ; Midrash Lea-ob; and Rashi, ed. Originally, the Levites did not have a land assigned to them, as their inheritance was the service to the Lord, and were scattered throughout all the . people of wealth will seek your favor. In the 11th-15th century, families that descended from the Exilarchs that lived in the South of France (Narbonne and Provence) and in northern Iberian peninsula (Barcelona, Aragon and Castile) received the title "Nasi" in the communities and were called "free men". One of Hasan's descendants Solomon ben Azariah ha-Nasi settled in Aleppo were the family became Dayan's (judges) of the city and thus adopted the surname Dayan. It is very interesting the comment of John Gill (bold is mine): Some apply this to particular persons of this tribe, as to Saul the first king of Israel, who was of Benjamin; and who as soon as he took the kingdom of Israel, in the morning, in the beginning of that state, fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, Ammon, Edom, the kings of Zobah, and the Philistines, and the Amalekites, 1Sa 14:47 and to Mordecai and Esther, who were of the same tribe, who after the captivity, and in the evening of that state, divided the spoil of Haman, Est 8:1 this is observed by Jarchi, Aben Ezra, and Ben Gersom. (John Gill, Exposition of the Bible; on Gen 49:27). The Levites had always been excluded from the Israelite monarchy, so when the Maccabees assumed the throne in order to rededicate the defiled Second Temple, a cardinal rule was broken. ); 2) in another (subsequent) crucial moment, a special individual would receive this honor (that the tribe of Judah received for a previous period). Eventually, David became king (more on how that happened in a moment), and continued his legacy as a great warrior. The Blessing of Moses, portrayed in the Bible as a prophecy by Moses about the future situation of the twelve tribes, describes Benjamin as "dwelling between YHWH's shoulders", in reference to its location between the leading tribe of the Kingdom of Israel (Ephraim), and the leading tribe (Judah) of the Kingdom of Judah.[22]. l.c. Deuteronomy 23:2 says no one born of a forbidden marriage nor any of his descendants may enter the assembly of the Lord, even down to the tenth generation. When the men of the city came out and fought against Joab, some of the men in Davids army fell; moreover, Uriah the Hittite died. 2 Samuel 11:14-17. Warriors from the tribe of Benjamin might have been trained to be equally or more effective with their left hands. It is a good question, and I do not know the answer. In the time of David the tribe of Benjamin followed the leadership of Joseph or Ephraim, considering itself closely related to the latter, and therefore jealous of Judah's rising power (II Sam. According to scholars within Orthodox Judaism, this is considered to have contributed to their downfall and the eventual downfall of Judea; internal strife allowing for Roman occupation and the violent installation of Herod the Great as client king over the Roman province of Judea; and the subsequent destruction of the Second Temple by the future Emperor Titus. All subsequent kings of Judah, except Athaliah, are said to be direct descendants of David. Saul, Israel's first king, was from the Tribe of Benjamin (1 Samuel 9:1527), as were Mordecai and Esther (Esther 2:57) and the apostle Paul (Romans 11:1). While Psalms is often (mistakenly) assumed to be the biggest book of the Bible, David actually didnt write that much of the Bible in comparison to authors like Moses, Ezra, Luke, Jeremiah, and Paul. the tribe of Judah and the tribe of Benjamin. O. and Yer.). The Bible doesnt explicitly say when David lived, but many scholars believe he existed around 1,000 BC. Benjamites continued their opposition to David even after he had secured the throne for himself. But the Bible doesnt explicitly tell us what Samuel meant by this. According to some Islamic sources, some of the Jewish settlers in Arabia were of the Davidic line, Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi recorded: "A Jewish man from the Davidic line entered Medina and found the people in deep sorrow. In his book, A Jewish Princedom in Feudal France, Arthur J. Zuckerman proposes a theory that from 768 to 900 CE a Jewish Princedom ruled by members of the Exilarchs existed in feudal France. When they were still some distance from Ephrath, Rachel went into labor, and she had hard labor. [30] Similarly Maimonides claimed 37 generations between him and Simeon ben Judah ha-Nasi, who was also a fourth-generation descendant of Gamaliel. Bulk update symbol size units from mm to map units in rule-based symbology, How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. The house of David bonded with Benjamin -1Sam 3, In the civil wars of the kingdom of Israel, Benjamin and Judah banded together -1Ki 12:16. ), Joseph makes himself known to Benjamin before his reconciliation with the other brothers. His great-grandson Simeon ben Gamliel became one of the Jewish leaders during the First JewishRoman War.[27]. Jesse should have been king being a descendant of Judah but Deut. In the New testament Paul claims Benjamite descent and is proclaiming the Kingship of Jesus as Christ of the seed of David- Rom 1:3. In David's time, the capital probably served as little more than a formidable citadel, and the Davidic "kingdom" was most likely closer to a loosely-confederated regional polity,[19] albeit a relatively substantial one. As surely as you live, I will not do such a thing! 2 Samuel 11:11. Over the course of his life, David was frequently the vehicle God used to display his compassion and redeem his people. N. Avigad and B. Sass. The kingdom fell to the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 587/6 BCE. BENJAMIN, TRIBE OF bn j mn (, or , or ; LXX ; , G1021; ; Benjamin or sons of Benjamin). In the Bible, anointed one and messiah are synonymous. When David learned she was pregnant, he hatched a scheme to hide his sin: since her husband Uriah was away at war, David had him brought back home. The prophecy of Ahijah, who divided his new garment into twelve pieces and gave ten to Jeroboam with the explanation that he would rule over ten tribes, allows the possibility that Benjamin remained with Judah. Buber, Wayiggash, 7; the meanings of the names are also given in Soah 36b; Gen. R. xciv. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. In Judaism and Christianity, the Davidic Line is the bloodline from which the Hebrew Messiah has a patrilineal descent. Benjamin is given special mention as an entity separate from Israel when Abner is negotiating the kingship with David (3:17ff.). Even after Saul died in combat, those loyal to him werent just going to hand over the kingdom to David. . your right hand, O LORD, shatters the enemy. After the destruction of the northern kingdom, Benjamin was fully absorbed into the southern kingdom. Must Acts 13:21 mean that Saul reigned 40 years? The Torah had a thing or two to say about adultery (Leviticus 18:20, Deuteronomy 5:18, Exodus 20:14), and it was punishable by death (Deuteronomy 22:22, Leviticus 20:10). The Book of Ruth is a story of love and redemption. Shimei was from the tribe of Benjamin, and Douay-Rheims Bible And Semei the son of Gera the son of Jemini of Bahurim, made haste and went down with the men of Juda to meet king David, English Revised Version 52, ed. When asked for a proof that his brother's memory was so sacred that Joseph must believe this oath, Benjamin told Joseph how he had given his ten sons (Gen. xlvi. [26] The position holder was regarded as a king-in-waiting, residing in Babylonia in the Achaemenid Empire as well as during the classic era. Exilarchs continued to be appointed until the 11th century, with some members of the Davidic line dispersing across the Islamic world. One interpretation refers the blessing to the early ripening of the fruits in the territory of Benjamin, and the great fertility of the region of Jericho and Beth-el, and another refers the expression "wolf" to the altar of the Temple, which devoured the sacrifices in the morning and in the evening (Gen. R. All subsequent kings in both the ancient first united Kingdom of Israel and the later Kingdom of Judah claimed direct descent from King David to validate their claim to the throne in order to rule over the Israelite tribes. What do we know about him? King Saul of the Benjamin Israelite tribe was the first king of Israel. So, to hide his sin, David committed another one. Had they waited till David was 17 he would have been king. By others it is referred to Mordecai and Esther (Gen. R. xcix. Why is there a voltage on my HDMI and coaxial cables? Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting. All except Judah followed him and Joab pursued him on behalf of David. According to another Haggadah (known to so early a work as the Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, Benjamin ii. Mari texts but that seems, on the whole, to be unlikely. How to follow the signal when reading the schematic? Because as an imperfect human, anointed by God to save and rule his people, David lays the foundation for Jesus Christthe only sinless human, whom God would use to save and rule all of humanity. 22:22)? The Exilarchate in Mesopotamia was officially restored after the Arab conquest in the 7th century and continued to function during the early Caliphates. Benjamin, Joseph's brother, took no part in the selling of Joseph (Sifre, Deut. b.c. His name was Shimei son of Gera, and he cursed as he came out. Note that the translation of the words in Genesis 49:10 is a guess. Can archive.org's Wayback Machine ignore some query terms? But centuries before Jesus, another savior came from this unassuming town. And David had been living with and fighting for the Philistinesthe Israelites sworn enemies. And then David famously replied: You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. The descendants of the Karaite Exilarchs have been referred to above. This understanding does not rule out the possibility that before the entrusting of the assignment to Judah as kingly tribe, another tribe could receive this honor. Gods anointed one was the person he chose to lead and save his people. Eventually, the tribes restored Benjamin's tribe, greatly diminished due to the war, and the country reunited. [7] Uzziah may also be mentioned in the annals of Tiglath-Pileser III; however, the texts are largely fragmentary. Shimei the son of Gera was there with them. At first the intention of the other tribes was to efface Benjamin completely, since the number of twelve tribes could be preserved through Ephraim and Manasseh; but they remembered God's promise to Jacob shortly before Benjamin's birth (Gen. xxxv. The word Lifta is merely a corruption of the Hebrew name Nephtoah, and where a natural spring by that name still abounds.[17]. On his father's side, Rashi has been claimed to be a 33rd-generation descendant of Johanan HaSandlar, who was a fourth-generation descendant of Gamaliel, who was reputedly descended from the Davidic line. One could also ask, why did not God choose David to start with, since God had already decided that the Messiah would be a son of David (i.e. Wherever Saul sent David, God went with him, and he was successful. Descendants of the house of exilarchs were living in various places long after the office became extinct. He is counted among the four men who died by the poison of the serpent in Paradise; i.e., without sin of his own, the other three being Amram, the father of Moses; Jesse, the father of David; and Kileab, the son of David (Shab. With Sauls family out of the picture, Israels elders met with David and anointed him king over all of Israel when he was thirty years old (2 Samuel 5:3-4). After Saul died, all the tribes other than Judah remained loyal to the House of Saul, but after the death of Ish-bosheth, Saul's son and successor to the throne of Israel, the tribe of Benjamin joined the northern Israelite tribes in making David then king of Judah king of the united Kingdom of Israel and Judah. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? why was King Saul from the tribe of Benjamin chosen as Israel's first king when Judah was to be the ruling tribe all along, as related in I Samuel 8-10? [43], In Jewish eschatology, the term mashiach, or "Messiah", came to refer to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who is expected to be anointed with holy anointing oil and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age. In spite of their wrong-doing the Benjamites were at first victorious (Judges xx. 21:43. 23:2 prevented it. The E border was the Jordan River. The Book of Judges recounts that the rape of the concubine of a member of the tribe of Levi, by a gang from the tribe of Benjamin resulted in a battle at Gibeah, in which the other tribes of Israel sought vengeance, and after which members of Benjamin were killed, including women and children. Since Benjamin is the youngest, his tribe should be given the first opportunity to rule. Your servant has killed both the lion and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, because he has defied the armies of the living God. They then grabbed a wife each and took her back to their land and rebuilt their houses (Judges 1921). There seems to be no truly satisfactory resolution of the problem of the western boundary of Benjamin. 8), and not until Jacob was one hundred years old (Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs, ib. All those gathered here will know that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves; for the battle is the Lords, and he will give all of you into our hands.. King Saul later broke the treaty that Joshua had signed and attacked the Gibeonites. The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. The Tribe of Benjamin remained a part of the southern Kingdom of Judah. When Saul died, the tribe of Judah anointed David as their king (2 Samuel 2:4), but Abner son of Ner, the commander of Sauls army, made Sauls son Ish-bosheth king over all Israel. And it just so happened that David was a talented musician. Benjamin was the only son born in Canaan and choosing the first king from Benjamin is a way to recognize that distinction. Jerusalem was chosen by King David to be the capital mainly because the city, although part of the territory of the tribe of Benjamin, had not yet been conquered by the Israelites, and was not tied specifically to any of the twelve tribes. 22:24, 28), and therefore of the royal line of David. 6), gives another reason, probably based on Jewish tradition (compare Esther R. on iii. ; Targ. However, The Jewish Quarterly Review mentions that Hezekiah was liberated from prison, and became head of the academy, and is mentioned as such by a contemporary in 1046. Initially, David was king over the Tribe of Judah only and ruled from Hebron, but after seven and a half years, the other Israelite tribes, who found themselves leaderless after the death of Ish-bosheth, chose him to be their king as well.[25]. Before he was a king, David was a shepherd. Later rabbinical authorities grant the office of exilarch to family members that traced its patrilineal[26] descent from David, King of Israel. Benjamins position was on the W side of the Tabernacle along with Ephraim and Manasseh, the leader of the tribe at this time being Abidan the son of Gideoni (2:22). Benjamite sympathies might well have been divided, but it seems impossible that Rehoboam could have allowed the tribe to secede with the N. After all, Jerusalem, the royal city, lay within the borders of Benjamin and to let Benjamin go would render the position of Jerusalem as the capital city untenable. Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for professors, theologians, and those interested in exegetical analysis of biblical texts. Most people have heard Jesus described as the messiah. Later, Gd confirmed to King David that this was indeed the site where the Holy Temple was to be built. ; J. In the genealogies of the restoration in the OT, in the Apoc., and in the NT, Benjamin generally is used to indicate personal descent rather than tribal territory (e.g. Why did King Saul prophesy w/o clothing all day after pursuing David in 1 Samuel 19:24? Berliner, on Gen. xxxv. Berean Standard Bible 8). Why is this sentence from The Great Gatsby grammatical? In Acts 13:22, Paul appears to give an explanation: After removing Saul, he made David their king. And when Samuel laid eyes upon Jesses youngest son, the shepherd, David, the Lord said, Rise and anoint him; this is the one.. Then relief would come to Saul; he would feel better, and the evil spirit would leave him. 1 Samuel 16:23. In the Blessing of Jacob, Benjamin is referred to as "a ravenous wolf";[8] traditional interpretations often considered this to refer to the might of a specific member of the tribe, either the champion Ehud, king Saul, or Mordecai of the Esther narrative, or in Christian circles, the apostle Paul. These families had special rights in Narbonne, Barcelona, and Castile. On another occasion, however, the Benjamites showed themselves worthy of their pious ancestor. So he sent Samuel to Jesse of Bethlehem, telling him I have chosen one of his sons to be king (1 Samuel 16:1). The Kingdom of Judah, that included Benjamin, continued until it was conquered by Babylon in c. 586 BCE and the population deported, and was subjected to the Babylonian captivity. In addition, Mormon eschatology includes multiple references to other prophesied Davidic figures,[52] including one by the name of David who would come in the last days to inherit the throne and kingdom of David.[53]. For example: Your right hand, O LORD, glorious in power, This kingdom was conquered by the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BCE which exiled much of the Northern Kingdom population and ended its sovereign status. David likely spent much of his boyhood tending his family's flock. The Tribe of Benjamin, located to the north of Judah but to the south of the Kingdom of Israel, is significant in biblical narratives as a source of various Israelite leaders, including the first Israelite king, Saul, as well as earlier tribal leaders in the period of the Judges. I think the prophecy in Gen 49:10 does not require that all kings would be of Judah, but that eventually the kingship would be of Judah. To get around this, they provided wives for the men by killing the men from Jabesh-Gilead who had not shown concern for the almost lost tribe of Benjamin as they did not come to grieve with the rest of Israel. Between 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, Psalms, and 1 Chronicles, you could practically write his biography! Some have thought that the origin of the tribe is to be found in the Binu (or Maru) yamina of the 18th cent. The Latter Day Saint movement accepts Christ as the "Stem of Jesse" and the Messiah. The Rabbis lay stress on the name, "beloved of the Lord," by which Benjamin is distinguished (Deut. Paul reminds the Jews in Pisidian Antioch of the Benjamite origin of their first king (Acts 13:21). [10][11][12], The Bible recounts that Joshua assigned to Benjamin the territory between that of Ephraim to the north and Judah to the south, with the Jordan River as the eastern border, and included many historically important cities, such as Bethel, Gibeah, and encroached on the northern hills of Jerusalem. Moses: The Old Testaments Greatest Prophet.
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