As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. 7. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Moreover, Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of What are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. The advanced economies where Nigeria had borrowed leaves from, such as USA practice federalism. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to 74 . Keywords: Civil war, Secession, Self-determination, Nationalism and Restructuring, This work critically examines the issues undermining the unification of Nigeria, using indicators and concepts including failed state, separatist agitation and insecurity. I love this article,very educating and interesting Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. In this paper I explain the hows and whys of the minorities continued disadvantaged status in spite of the far-reaching steps that have been taken to ameliorate, if not eliminate, the problem. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. ICT and Its Impact on National Development In Nigeria: An Overview Power Sharing Formula Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS - Academia.edu Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. %PDF-1.5 The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. 1. >> Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. % By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The Excellent, thanks a lot f This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? 2. 7 Topics . 2. PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. We appreciate you. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. 4 Topics . And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. This is another reason for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. |4-Iv Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. /F6 21 0 R 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Payment Details. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Each state has the same level of self-governance. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. /Type /Page Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Fiscal Federalism and Democratic Governance in Nigeria - I. O. Taiwo 2004 The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C Promoters of the idea were of the view that the Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. sir Arthur Richards strengthened this proposal in 1945 and regionalism was introduced by his administration in 1946. 3. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Air Plan Approval; Texas; New Source Review Updates for Project